Science
Physics
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29th moon of Uranus – S/2025 U1
Astronomers may have uncovered yet another moon orbiting Uranus. Detected earlier this year with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), this tiny satellite could bring the total number of Uranus’…
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Observing the vibration of the universe
Though we are able to view wonderful colors of the nature through our eye, human eye is sensitive to only a very narrow fraction of whole electromagnetic spectrum of light.…
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Kites in advancing science experiments
Kites are one of the oldest and most versatile inventions in human history, tracing their origins to ancient China around 2000 years ago. Initially a simple toy or ceremonial object,…
Biology
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Hibernation in bears 🐻
Hibernation is a remarkable survival mechanism employed by many mammals to endure periods of extreme environmental stress. While a variety of species hibernate, the process in bears stands out as…
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Hibernation in mammals
Understanding hibernation could revolutionize medical fields such as trauma care and organ transplantation. The ability to induce hibernation-like states in humans may extend the viability of organs for transplantation and…
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3D Organ printing and regenerative medicine
Introduction 3D organ printing, also known as bioprinting, is a revolutionary technology that has emerged as a powerful tool in regenerative medicine. By enabling the precise deposition of cells, biomaterials,…
Chemistry
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Harnessing energy with artificial photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process by which green plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert solar energy into chemical energy. Through this process, light energy is harnessed to synthesize glucose…
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Techniques to make transparent wood
Transparent wood represents a major breakthrough in materials science, blending the inherent qualities of wood with improved optical transparency. This is accomplished by removing lignin-the component responsible for light scattering-through…
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Principles and application of smart materials
Smart materials embody a convergence of material science and technology, leading to innovations that were previously unimaginable. For instance, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) and piezoelectric materials are quintessential examples of responsive…
Technology
Computer Science
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Implementing AI in civil engineering
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming civil engineering by offering innovative solutions that enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability across a variety of applications. From optimizing structural designs to predicting maintenance…
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Error correction in quantum computers
Quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize fields ranging from cryptography to materials science and optimization problems. However, one of the most pressing obstacles to realizing this potential is the…
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The Robot-AI Merger
In recent years, robots have increasingly entered our daily lives, cooking meals, performing repetitive tasks, and working in industries from warehouses to restaurants. However, these robots operate in narrowly defined…
Engineering
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Safety of deteriorated structures
The collapse of various civil engineering structures-such as bridges, dams, and buildings-has become a common occurrence in recent years, often attributed to aging and material degradation (refer to relevant news…
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Use of genetic algorithm for optimum proportioning of concrete
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have emerged as a robust optimization technique within civil engineering, particularly in the design of concrete mix proportions. Their inherent ability to address complex, multi-objective, and nonlinear…
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Implementing AI in civil engineering
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming civil engineering by offering innovative solutions that enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability across a variety of applications. From optimizing structural designs to predicting maintenance…
Medicine
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N-of-1 trials
N-of-1 clinical trials, also known as single-subject trials, focus on identifying the most effective treatment for individual patients by employing rigorous, data-driven methodologies. This essay explores the potential of N-of-1…
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3D Organ printing and regenerative medicine
Introduction 3D organ printing, also known as bioprinting, is a revolutionary technology that has emerged as a powerful tool in regenerative medicine. By enabling the precise deposition of cells, biomaterials,…
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Advancement in human augmentation
Human augmentation represents a significant leap forward in the convergence of biotechnology, cybernetics, and artificial intelligence, among other fields. The goal is to enhance human physical and cognitive abilities far…
Mathematics
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N-of-1 trials
N-of-1 clinical trials, also known as single-subject trials, focus on identifying the most effective treatment for individual patients by employing rigorous, data-driven methodologies. This essay explores the potential of N-of-1 trials in advancing personalized medicine, their historical context, design considerations, and future directions, emphasizing their compatibility with the broader goals of evidence-based medicine. While they…
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Radius of earth (classical trigonometry)
Suppose that, while lying on a beach near the equator watching the sun set over a calm ocean, you start a stopwatch just as the top of the sun disappears. You then stand, elevating your eyes by a height H=1.7m, and stop the watch when the top of the sun again disappears. If the elapsed…
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Gödel Number encoding from mathematics into arithmetic
Kurt Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems revolutionized mathematical logic by demonstrating the inherent limitations of formal systems. A crucial component of his proof was the technique known as Gödel numbering, which allows mathematical statements, proofs, and logical operations to be encoded as numbers. This technique transformed logic into arithmetic, enabling self-referential statements that underpinned his groundbreaking theorems.…
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Implications of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem
In the early 20th century, the foundations of mathematics and logic were undergoing significant transformations. Mathematicians sought to establish a comprehensive and consistent framework for all mathematical truths, a goal inspired by David Hilbert’s program to formalize mathematics. However, in 1931, Austrian logician Kurt Gödel revolutionized the field with his Incompleteness Theorems, which demonstrated that…
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A note in abacus
There are several types of abacuses (or abaci) used throughout history and across different cultures. The most popular ones are from China, but there are other abacus that were developed independently. This article gives glimpse of some of the popular abacus. Types of abacus 1. Chinese Abacus (Suanpan) The Suanpan typically has 2 beads on…
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Derivation of Euler’s formula for imaginary numbers
The Euler formula, one of the most remarkable equations in mathematics, elegantly connects complex analysis, trigonometry, and exponential functions. It is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, who first introduced it in the 18th century.
Environment
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History hydroelectricity in the Philippines
The Philippines, an archipelago blessed with abundant water resources, has relied on hydroelectricity as a major source of renewable energy for over a century. From its early beginnings during the American colonial period to its current role in the nation’s sustainable energy strategy, hydroelectric power has significantly shaped the country’s economic and industrial development. However,…
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The challenges and progress of toilet cleanliness
Cleanliness of public toilets, or latrines, remains a global challenge that significantly impacts both public health and social well-being. In many parts of the world, insufficient access to safe, clean sanitation facilities exacerbates health risks, poverty, and gender inequalities. Despite progress in some regions, millions of people still live without adequate toilet facilities, and the…
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Discoveries about the Earth in 2024
In 2024, Earth sciences have unveiled remarkable insights into our planet’s intricate systems. 1. The Enigma of Dark Oxygen Researchers have identified a phenomenon termed “dark oxygen,” referring to oxygen molecules that evade traditional detection methods. This discovery challenges existing models of atmospheric chemistry and suggests that our understanding of oxygen’s role in various environmental…
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Why flooding hits Spain?
Flooding has been a significant part of Spain’s historical and modern landscape, shaped by its geography and climate patterns. The earliest known records of flooding in Spain date back centuries. Ancient texts and local chronicles frequently mention episodes where rivers such as the Guadalquivir and the Ebro overflowed, impacting settlements and agricultural land. During the…
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World food crisis and impact of science and technology
The global food crisis has deep historical roots, often tied to population growth, economic instability, climate change, and agricultural practices. Famines in the past were frequently caused by environmental factors, wars, and poor agricultural productivity, leaving millions vulnerable to starvation. Notable examples include the Irish Potato Famine in the 19th century and food shortages during…
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History of hydropower energy in Indonesia
The origins of small hydropower (SHP) in Indonesia trace back to the Dutch colonial era when the first small hydropower projects were built to supply energy for tea plantations in the 1800s. SHP development continued through the early 20th century, supplying electricity to both tea factories and the broader region. Key plants like Malabar and…
Social Science
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Artificial Intelligence in anthropology and sociology
The advent of AI technologies, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and DeepSeek, has impacted various research fields, including social sciences . AI is now widely used for generating text, images, videos, and data analysis, and its algorithms analyze user behavior to provide personalized content . In visual anthropology and sociology, AI functions as a content generator,…
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Countries mentioned in ancient religious texts
Religious texts not only convey theological doctrines but also provide contextually rich historical and geographical references. These spatial elements-often mentioned by their ancient names-offer clues about the political boundaries, cultural centers, and migratory patterns of early civilizations. Geographic references in the Bible The Bible, comprising the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament, is…
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Why children prefer cartoons over real humans
Cartoons have been a staple of children’s entertainment for decades, captivating young minds with their colorful visuals, imaginative worlds, and exaggerated characters. While live-action films and television programs featuring real humans offer rich storytelling and relatable experiences, they often struggle to capture the same level of engagement from young audiences. The Role of Cognitive Development…
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The year of the snake
The Chinese zodiac is one of the most fascinating aspects of Chinese culture, blending astronomy, astrology, and tradition to create a system of symbols that people from around the world continue to respect and follow. At the heart of this system are twelve animals, each representing a different year in a repeating 12-year cycle. These…
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Limits of human knowledge
The concept of the limits of human knowledge has been a topic of philosophical and scientific debate for centuries, but recent developments in science and epistemology continue to illuminate this fascinating frontier. In modern discussions, the question arises: Is there an endpoint to what we can know, or is the universe too vast, too complex,…
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Singing for social bonding, does it work?
Singing fosters rapid social bonding, acting as an "ice-breaker" that enhances connectedness through endorphin release, promoting quick cohesion and long-term unity
How to do it?
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