Exploring the Frontiers of Science and Technology: Bridging the Past and Future
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Featured
Implications of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem
In the early 20th century, the foundations of mathematics and logic were undergoing significant transformations. Mathematicians sought to establish a comprehensive and consistent framework for all mathematical truths, a goal inspired by David Hilbert’s program to formalize mathematics. However, in 1931, Austrian logician Kurt Gödel revolutionized the field with his Incompleteness Theorems, which demonstrated that…
Science
Physics
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Observing the vibration of the universe
Though we are able to view wonderful colors of the nature through our eye, human eye is sensitive to only a very narrow fraction of whole electromagnetic spectrum of light.…
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Kites in advancing science experiments
Kites are one of the oldest and most versatile inventions in human history, tracing their origins to ancient China around 2000 years ago. Initially a simple toy or ceremonial object,…
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Second moon for the Earth
This month, Earth is predicted to undergo a temporary gravitational capture of a second natural satellite, an asteroid designated 2024 PT5. Unlike Earth’s primary natural satellite, which has maintained a…
Biology
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Frequency illusion and cognitive perception
In an era of information overload, human perception is shaped by cognitive biases that filter and prioritize stimuli. One such cognitive bias is the frequency illusion, also known as the…
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Why children prefer cartoons over real humans
Cartoons have been a staple of children’s entertainment for decades, captivating young minds with their colorful visuals, imaginative worlds, and exaggerated characters. While live-action films and television programs featuring real…
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Habit reinforcement
Beyond the practical benefits of forming habits, such as improved health or productivity, there are also psychological and physiological benefits. The process of habit formation can boost self-esteem and confidence.…
Chemistry
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Principles and application of smart materials
Smart materials embody a convergence of material science and technology, leading to innovations that were previously unimaginable. For instance, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) and piezoelectric materials are quintessential examples of responsive…
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Science of engineering tapes
When one thinks about tapes, one might imagine a simple roll of something sticky. But dive into the aisles of a hardware store, and you’ll find a world of tapes…
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Alkali Silica Reaction in concrete
The phenomenon of aggregates reacting with the alkali component of cement is called alkali aggregate reaction (AAR). The predominant form of alkali aggregate reaction is alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in which…
Technology
Computer Science
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Software industry in Japan
Japan’s software market has experienced steady growth over the years. In the fiscal year 2020, the industry achieved sales of approximately 16.7 trillion Japanese yen, reflecting its expanding influence within…
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History of touchscreen technology
Touchscreen technology has revolutionized the way humans interact with machines, transitioning from traditional input devices like keyboards and mice to more intuitive and tactile interfaces. From its origins in the…
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Refresh rates of display screens
The refresh rate of a display, measured in hertz (Hz), refers to the number of times the screen refreshes its image per second. For instance, a display with a 60…
Engineering
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Oblique wing aircraft
The oblique wing aircraft, also known as pivot wing or slewed wing aircraft, represents a radical departure from conventional aircraft design, offering the potential for significant improvements in aerodynamic efficiency,…
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History of touchscreen technology
Touchscreen technology has revolutionized the way humans interact with machines, transitioning from traditional input devices like keyboards and mice to more intuitive and tactile interfaces. From its origins in the…
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Principles and application of smart materials
Smart materials embody a convergence of material science and technology, leading to innovations that were previously unimaginable. For instance, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) and piezoelectric materials are quintessential examples of responsive…
Medicine
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Advancement in human augmentation
Human augmentation represents a significant leap forward in the convergence of biotechnology, cybernetics, and artificial intelligence, among other fields. The goal is to enhance human physical and cognitive abilities far…
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Possibility of Marburg virus outbreak
The Marburg virus, a highly virulent pathogen belonging to the Filoviridae family alongside the Ebola virus, has re-emerged in recent years, triggering outbreaks that remind the world of its lethality.…
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The dilemma of butter and margarine
Butter and margarine, both solidified emulsions of fats in water, may seem similar at first glance, but their production processes and historical trajectories are significantly more complex. Butter is derived…
Mathematics
In Focus
- Arithmetic
- Calculus
- Modelling
- Numerical methods
- Geometry
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Gödel Number encoding from mathematics into arithmetic
Kurt Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems revolutionized mathematical logic by demonstrating the inherent limitations of formal systems. A crucial component of his proof was the technique known as Gödel numbering, which allows mathematical statements, proofs, and logical operations to be encoded as numbers. This technique transformed logic into arithmetic, enabling self-referential statements that underpinned his groundbreaking theorems.…
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Implications of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem
In the early 20th century, the foundations of mathematics and logic were undergoing significant transformations. Mathematicians sought to establish a comprehensive and consistent framework for all mathematical truths, a goal inspired by David Hilbert’s program to formalize mathematics. However, in 1931, Austrian logician Kurt Gödel revolutionized the field with his Incompleteness Theorems, which demonstrated that…
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A note in abacus
There are several types of abacuses (or abaci) used throughout history and across different cultures. The most popular ones are from China, but there are other abacus that were developed independently. This article gives glimpse of some of the popular abacus. Types of abacus 1. Chinese Abacus (Suanpan) The Suanpan typically has 2 beads on…
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Derivation of Euler’s formula for imaginary numbers
The Euler formula, one of the most remarkable equations in mathematics, elegantly connects complex analysis, trigonometry, and exponential functions. It is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, who first introduced it in the 18th century. The formula is expressed as: $$e^{ix} = \cos{x} + i\sin{x}$$ Where: e is the base of the natural logarithm,…
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Derivation for sum of angles
The summation formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent are the key identities that govern trigonometric relationships. These formulas help us analyse combinations of angles in various scenarios, from simple geometric calculations to complex oscillatory systems. Let’s revise these fundamental concepts. Derivation Cos(A+B)=OP/OS=(OQ-PQ)/OS =OQ/OS-PQ/OS =OQ/OR*OR/OS-PQ/SR*SR/OS =CosA*CosB-SinA*SinB …………(since PQ=TR) Sin(A+B)=SP/OS=(ST+TP)/OS =ST/OS+TP/OS =ST/SR*SR/OS+TP/OR*OR/OS =CosA*SinB +SinA*CosB ………..(since TP=RQ) Tan(A+B)=Sin(A+B)/Cos(A+B)…
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The unification of calculus
The rivalry between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz over the invention of calculus is one of the most famous intellectual feuds in scientific history. Though both men made pioneering contributions to the field, their personal clash and the priority dispute that followed have become nearly as significant as their actual mathematical achievements. This article…
Environment
In Focus
- Climate Change
- Conservation
- Sustainability
- Recycling
- Natural Resources
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History hydroelectricity in the Philippines
The Philippines, an archipelago blessed with abundant water resources, has relied on hydroelectricity as a major source of renewable energy for over a century. From its early beginnings during the American colonial period to its current role in the nation’s sustainable energy strategy, hydroelectric power has significantly shaped the country’s economic and industrial development. However,…
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The challenges and progress of toilet cleanliness
Cleanliness of public toilets, or latrines, remains a global challenge that significantly impacts both public health and social well-being. In many parts of the world, insufficient access to safe, clean sanitation facilities exacerbates health risks, poverty, and gender inequalities. Despite progress in some regions, millions of people still live without adequate toilet facilities, and the…
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Discoveries about the Earth in 2024
In 2024, Earth sciences have unveiled remarkable insights into our planet’s intricate systems. 1. The Enigma of Dark Oxygen Researchers have identified a phenomenon termed “dark oxygen,” referring to oxygen molecules that evade traditional detection methods. This discovery challenges existing models of atmospheric chemistry and suggests that our understanding of oxygen’s role in various environmental…
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Why flooding hits Spain?
Flooding has been a significant part of Spain’s historical and modern landscape, shaped by its geography and climate patterns. The earliest known records of flooding in Spain date back centuries. Ancient texts and local chronicles frequently mention episodes where rivers such as the Guadalquivir and the Ebro overflowed, impacting settlements and agricultural land. During the…
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World food crisis and impact of science and technology
The global food crisis has deep historical roots, often tied to population growth, economic instability, climate change, and agricultural practices. Famines in the past were frequently caused by environmental factors, wars, and poor agricultural productivity, leaving millions vulnerable to starvation. Notable examples include the Irish Potato Famine in the 19th century and food shortages during…
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History of hydropower energy in Indonesia
The origins of small hydropower (SHP) in Indonesia trace back to the Dutch colonial era when the first small hydropower projects were built to supply energy for tea plantations in the 1800s. SHP development continued through the early 20th century, supplying electricity to both tea factories and the broader region. Key plants like Malabar and…
Social Science
In Focus
- History
- Culture
- Sociology
- Traditions
- Anthropology
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Why children prefer cartoons over real humans
Cartoons have been a staple of children’s entertainment for decades, captivating young minds with their colorful visuals, imaginative worlds, and exaggerated characters. While live-action films and television programs featuring real humans offer rich storytelling and relatable experiences, they often struggle to capture the same level of engagement from young audiences. The Role of Cognitive Development…
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The year of the snake
The Chinese zodiac is one of the most fascinating aspects of Chinese culture, blending astronomy, astrology, and tradition to create a system of symbols that people from around the world continue to respect and follow. At the heart of this system are twelve animals, each representing a different year in a repeating 12-year cycle. These…
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Limits of human knowledge
The concept of the limits of human knowledge has been a topic of philosophical and scientific debate for centuries, but recent developments in science and epistemology continue to illuminate this fascinating frontier. In modern discussions, the question arises: Is there an endpoint to what we can know, or is the universe too vast, too complex,…
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Singing for social bonding, does it work?
Singing fosters rapid social bonding, acting as an "ice-breaker" that enhances connectedness through endorphin release, promoting quick cohesion and long-term unity
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Relation between structural engineering, and housing rents in the Tokyo
In a scientific study, Nakagawa, Saito, and Yamaga (2006) investigates the relation between structural engineering against the earthquake risks and housing rents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. By analysing rent fluctuations based on structural engineering quality and risk aversion, the research highlights the significant role that engineering, construction standards, and social laws play in shaping…
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AI as a mediator in political deliberation
While there is an ongling discussion on the danger of AI controlling humans, there has been other researches that wants to use AI to reduce human conflicts and bring peace by compromise. In recent years, the concept of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in political and social discussions has become more prominent. A group of researchers…