indonesia
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The challenges and progress of toilet cleanliness
Cleanliness of public toilets, or latrines, remains a global challenge that significantly impacts both public health and social well-being. In many parts of the world, insufficient access to safe, clean sanitation facilities exacerbates health risks, poverty, and gender inequalities. Despite progress in some regions, millions of people still live without adequate toilet facilities, and the…
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History of hydropower energy in Indonesia
The origins of small hydropower (SHP) in Indonesia trace back to the Dutch colonial era when the first small hydropower projects were built to supply energy for tea plantations in the 1800s. SHP development continued through the early 20th century, supplying electricity to both tea factories and the broader region. Key plants like Malabar and…