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  • Leaching in water retaining structures

    Leaching in water retaining structures

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in

    Cement requires water to undergo hydration. However, after hydration is complete, excess water can dissolve the hydration products, causing leaching and weakening the structure. This issue is particularly critical for water-retaining concrete structures. For example, in dams, hydrostatic pressure and water permeability can cause the rapid leaching of these hydration products. This article examines the…

  • Elementary analysis for width/height ratio of retaining masonary structure

    Elementary analysis for width/height ratio of retaining masonary structure

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in ,

    In masonry construction, one of the key challenges is ensuring the stability of structures against lateral forces, such as those caused by wind, water, or soil pressure. Unlike materials like steel or reinforced concrete, masonry is inherently weak in resisting tensile forces. As a result, masonry structures rely primarily on their weight to counteract these…

  • Kites in advancing science experiments

    Kites in advancing science experiments

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in , , ,

    Kites are one of the oldest and most versatile inventions in human history, tracing their origins to ancient China around 2000 years ago. Initially a simple toy or ceremonial object, the kite evolved to play significant roles in military, meteorological, and scientific fields. Early kites were used in military applications, as tools for signalling, measuring…

  • Simple analysis of stress on pelvic muscle while riding a bicycle

    Simple analysis of stress on pelvic muscle while riding a bicycle

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in

    Cycling is a popular activity that most of us have experienced at some point in our lives. However, if you’ve taken a long break from it and then hopped back on the bike, you may have noticed discomfort or even pain in the pelvic region. This is something I encountered after my recent cycling tour,…

  • Multiple linear regression analysis with constraints

    Multiple linear regression analysis with constraints

    By

    Juan Cervantes
    in ,

    Multiple linear regression is a statistical technique used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It extends simple linear regression by allowing multiple factors to influence the outcome, making it useful for predicting or understanding the effect of several variables simultaneously. The model takes the form \[ y…

  • Leaching and Efflorescence of concrete

    Leaching and Efflorescence of concrete

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in ,

    In structures such as dam where the flow of water via pores of concrete is high, there could be significant loss of mono-sulfate and ettringite and decalcification of calcium silicate hydrate due to leaching out of these salts to the surface and subsequently washing away. This will lead to reduction in strength of concrete and…

  • Health of reinforced concrete structure based on construction quality

    Health of reinforced concrete structure based on construction quality

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in

    Reinforced concrete (RC) structures exhibit significant variability during construction, primarily due to the in-situ casting process. This method introduces numerous factors that can affect quality. As Richard Feynman wisely noted, “The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool.” This insight is particularly relevant in the construction…

  • Can virtual power plants optimize energy distribution?

    Can virtual power plants optimize energy distribution?

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in , ,

    Unlike traditional power plants, which are typically characterized by large physical infrastructure such as coal trains, smokestacks, and turbines, virtual power plants (VPP) rely on decentralized energy resources. These resources include rooftop solar panels, electric vehicle chargers, and smart appliances, all of which are integrated into a system that operates without a central physical facility.…

  • Flood forecasting with XAI

    Flood forecasting with XAI

    By

    Cheng Li
    in ,

    XAI stands for Explainable Artificial Intelligence. The goal of XAI is to make AI more transparent, trustworthy, and interpretable, especially in complex models like deep learning and neural networks, which are often considered “black boxes.” Use in flood forecasting The paper “Spatial flood susceptibility mapping using an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) model” by Biswajeet Pradhan,…

  • Impact of bad formwork of concrete in its service life

    Impact of bad formwork of concrete in its service life

    By

    Nirmal Raj Joshi
    in

    Formwork plays a vital role in reinforced concrete (RC) design, providing support for the concrete until it gains adequate strength. Its complexity can range from simple cubic boxes to intricate spline surfaces. While formwork design is a specialized area of concrete engineering, this article focuses on how poor formwork affects the service life of RC…

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