Nirmal Raj Joshi
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Derivation for sum of angles
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The summation formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent are the key identities that govern trigonometric relationships. These formulas help us analyze combinations of angles in various scenarios, from simple geometric calculations to complex oscillatory systems. Let’s revise these fundamental concepts.
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Alkali Silica Reaction in concrete
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The phenomenon of aggregates reacting with the alkali component of cement is called alkali aggregate reaction (AAR). The predominant form of alkali aggregate reaction is alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in which the silica content of aggregate reacts with sodium and potassium hydroxide of concrete. Other forms of AAR are alkali-carbonate reaction and alkali-silicate reaction. In China…
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Counting the number of words in MS-Word using Fields
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in How toCounting the number of words in MS Word document can often feel like a straightforward task—until you need to exclude certain sections like titles, references, or footnotes. Whether you’re preparing a manuscript, a report, or an academic paper, accurately tracking the word count can make a significant difference. Here’s a handy guide to help you…
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Using microbes for durable concrete
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Conventionally, organic matters in concrete were considered to be undesirable. But recent study with selected microbes has shed new light on its usefulness. Both useful and deteriorating microbes has been identified. Metabolic activity of microbes produces acid which degrade concrete. These kinds of deterioration are pronounced in location having high microbial activities such as near…
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Dual effect of silica fume in concrete
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While silica can cause deterioration through ASR, when used properly, it significantly enhances concrete's durability and strength
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Fractals programming
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Fractals are intricate geometric patterns that exhibit self-similarity across various scales. They are created by repeating a simple process, leading to complex structures often found in nature, such as snowflakes, coastlines, and tree branches. The concept of fractals challenges traditional notions of geometry, as they possess non-integer dimensions, meaning their detail increases infinitely with magnification.…
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Traditional units of land measurement
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Land measurement is a crucial aspect of agricultural practices and cultural heritage across the globe. Traditional units of land measurement vary by region, reflecting local customs, agricultural needs, and historical contexts. These units are not merely numerical values; they embody the relationship between people and the land they cultivate. China In China, the mu is…
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Economics of Akashi-Kaiko bridge
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in EngineeringThe Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, recognized as the world’s longest suspension bridge, spans a total length of 4 kilometers, with a suspended length of 2 kilometers. This engineering marvel, located in Japan, connects the two primary islands of Honshu and Shikoku. Recently, I had the opportunity to visit this bridge, and as a civil engineer, I can…
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Leaching in water retaining structures
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in EngineeringCement requires water to undergo hydration. However, after hydration is complete, excess water can dissolve the hydration products, causing leaching and weakening the structure. This issue is particularly critical for water-retaining concrete structures. For example, in dams, hydrostatic pressure and water permeability can cause the rapid leaching of these hydration products. This article examines the…
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Elementary analysis for width/height ratio of retaining masonary structure
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In masonry construction, one of the key challenges is ensuring the stability of structures against lateral forces, such as those caused by wind, water, or soil pressure. Unlike materials like steel or reinforced concrete, masonry is inherently weak in resisting tensile forces. As a result, masonry structures rely primarily on their weight to counteract these…